Understanding Breast Lymphedema: Causes, Symptoms, and Management
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Breast lymphedema, a potential side effect of breast cancer treatment, can be challenging to navigate. However, with appropriate management strategies, you can successfully reduce and manage the swelling and discomfort associated with lymphedema. Various treatment options are available, and breast cancer survivors must understand that while breast lymphedema is a chronic condition, it can still be managed effectively with some of the treatments discussed in this blog post.
What is breast lymphedema?
Breast lymphedema is a condition that typically occurs as a side effect of breast cancer treatments like surgery or radiation therapy. It is characterized by swelling in the breast or chest wall due to damage to the lymphatic system. It’s important to note that how breast lymphedema presents varies from person to person in terms of onset, severity, and impact on function and quality of life. To learn more about lymphedema, check out my blog post, What is Lymphedema?
Beyond swelling in the breast or chest wall, breast lymphedema can also cause a sensation of heaviness, tightness, or fullness in the breast or chest. Some people may also experience reduced flexibility in the shoulder of the affected arm, along with discomfort or pain in the area. In some cases, the breast skin may become dimpled and hard or thick, a condition known as fibrosis.
Early detection and treatment can effectively manage these symptoms and prevent further complications and progression of this condition. If you notice these signs and symptoms, seek medical advice promptly. A list of resources for Certified Lymphedema Therapists (CLT) is available at the end of this blog post.
How is breast lymphedema treated?
Compression
Compression bras and garments are essential tools in the management of breast lymphedema. They provide sustained pressure on the swollen area, encouraging lymph fluid to move out of the affected region and back into circulation. The compression can also help with decreasing any fibrosis in the breast. Because lymphedema is a chronic condition, using compression bras and garments is not a one-time solution but a part of a long-term management strategy for breast lymphedema.
Compression bras designed explicitly for breast lymphedema provide support and help to reduce swelling in the breast and chest area. They are typically made of a stretchy, breathable fabric that conforms to the body while maintaining consistent pressure. These lymphedema compression bras are different from sports bras, which only compress the breast tissue and typically are not as effective as lymphedema compression bras.
My go-to lymphedema compression bra is from Prairie Wear. These compression bras were designed with the help of breast surgeons, CLTs, and breast cancer survivors to make them comfortable and effective. I often recommend these compression bras because of the full coverage they provide, plus the antimicrobial fabric, easy-to-adjust straps, three different types of bras depending on your needs, and different colors like black, beige, blue, and pink.
Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD)
MLD is a specialized form of hands-on therapy that gently assists the lymphatic system in moving the lymph fluid out of the affected area. The technique involves using precise, rhythmic movements to stimulate lymph flow and direct the fluid toward lymph nodes, where it can be effectively filtered and brought back into circulation. This gentle, non-invasive treatment can help to reduce swelling, alleviate pain, and improve the range of motion in the affected area.
Importantly, MLD should be performed by a Certified Lymphedema Therapist (CLT) who understands the intricacies of the lymphatic system and can customize the treatment to your specific needs. If you don’t have access to a CLT or need a video to watch after your sessions are complete, check out my comprehensive YouTube video that guides you step by step on performing breast MLD for yourself.
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression (IPC) devices are another effective tool in managing breast lymphedema. These devices apply controlled pressure to the affected area, helping move lymph fluid away from the swollen region. IPC devices usually consist of a motor and an inflatable sleeve or garment worn over the affected area. The pump fills the garment with air, sequentially inflating and deflating, mimicking the natural rhythmic pumping of the lymphatic system and MLD. The Tactile Medical Flexitouch® Plus, shown in the picture, is one of the IPC devices I recommend for patients.
These devices are often used with other treatments, such as manual lymphatic drainage and compression garments, as part of a comprehensive lymphedema treatment plan. IPC can be particularly beneficial for people who find manual lymphatic drainage challenging or for those with severe or stubborn swelling that has not responded to other treatments
Exercise
Performing regular exercises is vital in managing breast lymphedema. Gentle movements and muscle pumping working the trunk, neck, and shoulders will help decrease breast swelling. Additionally, regular physical activity, including aerobic exercise and resistance training, is recommended for all cancer survivors, including those with lymphedema. Make sure you work with an oncology rehab provider, like a physical or occupational therapist, if you have lymphedema and are starting to exercise to make sure it doesn’t exacerbate your swelling. Watch my YouTube video for an effective exercise routine specifically for breast lymphedema!
Skincare
The final piece of the puzzle for treating breast lymphedema is skin care. Make sure you moisturize the area daily with plain white lotion, cream, or natural oil like coconut or olive oil. Keeping the skin healthy will help decrease the risk of infection, which is common with lymphedema. Finally, avoid excessive sun exposure, wear sunscreen and SPF clothing, use bug spray, and monitor for any infection if you have a scratch in the affected area. You can find my favorite lotions and oils at my Amazon Storefront.
Managing breast lymphedema involves a comprehensive, multifaceted approach, including manual lymphatic drainage, compression garments, exercise, and skincare. Each strategy plays a unique role in controlling swelling, promoting lymphatic flow, and improving mobility and comfort. However, it’s essential to remember that these are not one-size-fits-all solutions, and the most effective management plan will be individually tailored, considering your specific needs and health. Always consult a healthcare professional when implementing these strategies to ensure safety and effectiveness. Find a Certified Lymphedema Therapist near you:
Resources for finding a CLT:
